Terrorism represents one of the most serious threats to international peace and security, demanding effective international criminal policy responses. This study examines how international criminal frameworks—through conventions, United Nations resolutions, and judicial mechanisms—have attempted to address terrorism while balancing human rights concerns. Despite these efforts, implementation in the Middle East has often resulted in significant human rights challenges, including violations of fair trial guarantees, the prohibition of torture, and the application of disproportionate punishments. Using a descriptive–analytical approach and relying on international legal instruments, this research highlights the persistent tension between state security priorities and international human rights obligations. The study concludes that a more balanced, rights-based approach is essential to ensure both effective counter-terrorism and the protection of fundamental human rights in the region.

International Criminal Policy; Terrorism; Human Rights; Middle East; Criminal Justic